Prostate cancer is the most common urological cancer. Usually it occurs in males more than 60 years

Risk Factors

• Advanced age
• Diet less in vitamins

Clinical Features

• Mostly no symptoms
• Many times identified only after prostate surgery for non cancer reasons
• Bone pain, urinary obstruction, blood in urine in advanced cases

Evaluation

• Ultrasonography through rectum
• MRI
• Bone scan
• PET scan

Stage of disease

• Very early stage – cancer is found only after surgery of prostate, done for non cancer reasons
• Early stage – cancer limited to prostate or minimal extension outside prostate
• Advanced stage- cancer involving surrounding organs
• Very advanced stage- cancer involving lymph nodes, bones, liver,lungs

Treatments

• Very early stage – Observation/active surveillance in elderly patients is an option
• Early stage – Radical removal of prostate or radiation therapy
• Advanced stage – Radiation therapy with hormonal treatment
• Very advanced stage – Hormone treatment